Thursday, 31 August 2017

Post 470 - Happily Reclining Hairy Rove Beetle

Hairy Rove Beetle (Creophius maxillosus)
Hey everyone, Post 470 and a little look at a new species, for me, that I saw whilst I was away on holiday. Our family always tends to go to North Norfolk in the summer and we have a lovely relaxing time visiting the beaches, RSPB Titchwell, Hickling Broad, Sheringham Park and lots of places like that.

On one of our walks I just happened to spot an unusual shaped and sized insect on a plant when I was walking on a path down to the beach near Weybourne. I had a closer look and realised it was a Beetle but didn't know what sort. So I took a few photos so I could look it up when I got home as I hadn't taken all of my nature books with me.

So I got home and downloaded all of my photos and rediscovered these and started to look it up. I found out it was a Hairy Rove Beetle so I was able to do a bit of research on it, this is what I found out.
  • They are a Beetle that it widespread in the UK but not that common.
  • It's quite a big beetle at 15 - 22mm long. 
  • The size, sturdy build and light grey hairs on the dark body are the main identifying characteristics of this beetle.
Posing nicely
  • It seems they like a variety of habitats but mostly wooded habitats, so finding this one hanging around in the sand dunes was maybe unusual.
  • That said in hot weather, and it was a lovely day, they are supposed to like decaying vegetation.
  • Other places you may find them include compost heaps, decaying fungus, dung, and carrion (dead animals).
  • This is because they are predators and they feed on all sorts of larvae and adults of other insects. 
  • They are attracted to the smell of decay and I guess that means to them they will find an easy meal of maggots in whatever is rotting.
  • They are a fast moving beetle and tend to run away or take to the wing if disturbed so again it was probably unusual to find this one happily resting on a plant and reasonably happy to have its photo taken.
But eventually headed to cover
  • Also when threatened it may curl itself up or raise its tail in a similar way to a Scorpion. As another deterrent for predators they secrete a number of substances that are irritating.
  • Their life-cycle is quite short, the egg stage is 4 days, larvae 14 days and pupae stage 16 days, though I couldn't find out how long adults live. 
  • You should be able to see the adult beetles from spring right through to October/November.
Well, that's another fascinating beetle and one I'll keep an eye out for on my walks, though from what I've read it might be a while before I see another one.

Hope you enjoyed,

Z.

Wednesday, 16 August 2017

Post 469 - Talking to Tomorrows Natural Leaders

Hey everyone, today's post is 469 and last month I attended a great event down in Doncaster, it was held at a great Yorkshire Wildlife Trust reserve called Potterick Carr which I've been to a few times now, but it was great to go there again. This time though I had a special reason to go down, a Youth Summit on nature!

It was held down at the Education Centre there and started at about 10 o'clock meaning we had to get up quite early and have an early drive down there, but it was still great fun and I'd been really looking forward to it.

Why, well, there's a bit of a funny story connected to this. The lottery are funding a brilliant and massive project called Our Bright Future - £33m has been given to 31 projects across the UK and they are being co-ordinated by the Wildlife Trusts. The project that Yorkshire Wildlife Trusts are running as part of this is called Tomorrows Natural Leaders - it's a project "which will train 96 Leaders, upskilling and empowering them to inspire young people and community members to take action on local environmental projects and campaigns across Yorkshire."

Well I'd read about the project sometime last year and it sounded interesting so I asked Dad to find out a bit more about it and if it was something I could do. Well he made the call and found out I was three years too early in applying as I you have to be 16 to take part. Oh well I thought I'll have to wait, and didn't think much more about it.

Then a couple of months ago Dad got an unexpected email about the Youth Summit. As part of the summit I was asked to do a talk about how to engage young people. I was obviously thrilled and took up the opportunity immediately, and for a couple of weeks before I'd been rehearsing! Eventually though, the day came around, and there were loads of really great and supportive people there. I found it absolutely great talking to all these people and looking at what everybody was there to present. There were a couple of talks before me which were really interesting covering the Our Bright Futures Programme and the Tomorrows Natural Leaders project. These were all give by young people and it was great to hear their experiences.

Then it was my turn to talk. I was introduced as the youngest applicant to the Tomorrows Natural Leaders project which made me and the crowd laugh when they said I was a bit too young though!  I got up to start my talk and found I wasn't' as nervous as I was when I did my previous talk at the Wild Watch project, despite there being more people at Potterick. I had a great time talking about young people and how to engage them in nature, especially as it's one of my favourite things to talk about and discuss.
The talk after me was another of the Tomorrows Natural Leaders, John Cave, he made us all laugh too as John said I had made him feel old for the first time in his life, 'Thanks for that!' he said :-)

Afterwards there was a lot of different things that went on, lunch was great as we got to walk around and talk to everyone there more than we did in the morning. Everyone was really nice and congratulated me on my talk and said it was inspiring. I got some nice invitations to visit other projects too.
After about an hour of lunch we went into our two groups where we went either for a tour around Potterick, or we did some discussions. They were both good (when is a walk around Potterick not good?) and a lot of good things came out of the talks which were all on topics of nature and engagement.
You can read the Our Bright Future blog summary of the day on their website here.

So I want to say a big thank you to Yorkshire Wildlife Trust and to Joe and Paul for inviting me along. Hope you have another great event like this next year.

Hope you enjoyed,
Z.

Saturday, 15 July 2017

Post 468 - The Wonderful Wild Watch Project!

Hey everyone, today's Post 468 and over the course of my blog I've been given a lot of great opportunities, whether it be radio interviews or going to promote nature at national science fairs, it's all been great. One of the things that I've had the chance to do lately is something I never thought I'd get the chance to do. That is to be a patron of something, but recently that's just what I've been asked to do!


I live in a wonderful part of the world in my opinion, and surrounding me are lots of beautiful parks like the North Yorkshire Moors, and the Yorkshire Dales, but one that a lot of people won't know about is the Nidderdale AONB. This is a wonderful part of the world with what seems like a lot of lovely people. I've been to places there before like the wonderful World Heritage site of Fountains Abbey, and the amazing Brimham Rocks with its fantastic formations, but I've come to realise just how special this area is because of a wonderful project called The Wild Watch. This is a project run primarily by a lovely group of people who have asked me to be the Youth Ambassador for the
project. Of course I jumped at this idea and since then I've been attending whatever events I can get to and doing my part for the project. So far, I've been to three events, and I'm going to give you a run through of my favourite parts of them all. But first, I want to give a big thank you to the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust for suggesting I get involved and to the Wild Watch for agreeing and for giving me this absolutely amazing opportunity.

Anyway, here's a little bit of what I've been up to so far:

Dippers are one of the species being surveyed.
The first event I went to was a training session where about 20 people or so attended to learn how to do river surveys. The main aim of the project is to map the wildlife of Nidderdale and to do this they are using volunteers to survey 50 key species across the AONB area, species of national and international conservation concern. Of course I wanted to get involved and so I've started get along to a few very interesting sessions!
Golden ringed dragonflies are too, not seen them on my
transect but did spot Emperors and Brown Hawkers

The first session, the river survey training, was run on a school day but luckily my school is very supportive of what I do and gave me the day off as they have on all these occasions (but I do have to catch up on the work I miss!!). For the first hour or so we went over what the project was, and we were told which species we had to look out for and the key signs to look for to tell if they are present. The ones that I am most interested in are the Otters, Water Voles, Himalayan Balsam and Azure Damselflies. At this point, we were also given our 'transects', which was a small plot of land in the Nidderdale area which follows one of a few rivers. After we were told about everything, we went out on a sort of guided walk around the Millenium Gardens in Pateley Bridge and along the river there. We were told mostly how to find Otters and Water Voles, and the signs that they were around. These included looking for droppings and prints. I now know how Otter spraint (otter poo to you and me) smells! Eventually, we all went down to Hackfall Woods, which is a beautiful area which I hadn't explored for years. We went round essentially doing the same thing as we did in Pateley, but instead, we were given our own maps of the area and were given a little more freedom to put into action what we had already learned. All in all, this was a great day and I had a lot of fun, even though it was swelteringly hot!

The next event I went to was the Bird Song Chorus event, run by Peter Cowdrey of Planet Birdong and Isak Herman from Cambridge University. They are two wonderful people that I had a great time talking to and learning about what they do and the best ways to do it myself. Firstly, Isak introduced us to a couple of games that he had made which are designed to help people identify the different birds, and their calls, in Nidderdale. There were a couple of games, the first was a memory game where you had to flip over the different tiles and remember where the different bird was. As you flipped the tile over, the bird's call played as well. As you progressed through the levels it started giving you the call along with a spectograph of the birdsong and again you had to match them up until eventually you were only given the bird's call. Isak also gathered some data from us all which was put together to help him learn about how we all enjoyed the games and what we learned. In the second session, Peter started talking to us about how we can make music out of bird's calls, and then proceeded to get his trombone out and mimic a goldfinch call which had been slowed down! I have to admit, it was very clever how he could imitate and make music out of a bird's call, especially one as fast as a goldfinch's! Throughout the rest of the day, he kept on talking about what you can do with bird calls and the human voice. He also showed us a primary school boy who was recorded singing the goldfinch call which was sped up to sound just like a real one! Doing this you can get
human calls so good that the birds will respond to them! We also got out into the church yard in Pateley to listen to calls and we were treated to a little Goldcrest singing for us. Apart from that, that was about all, it was a great day again and taught me a whole lot about bird calls, how they are structured and how birds use them.
The programme of speakers!

The final and most recent event I went to was the Wild Watch Launch event where I had been invited as youth Patron to give a talk! There were many other speakers over the course of the day, most of which I was surprised to see were Professors and Doctors! We started out downstairs in a lovely little building called 'The Playhouse' in Pateley Bridge. We were mainly all just chatting to each other about other little projects we were doing and about the Wild Watch in general. When it was time to begin, Paul Burgess, the AONB Manager, introduced us to the day's plans and what was going to be taking place. There were many great speakers there and I think everybody there was captivated by what was being said. Eventually though, it was time for my talk. I'd been rehearsing for about a week and I think it went alright. My talk was about engaging the next generation of conservationists, and I went over a couple of reasons that I think why most people my age aren't into nature, and what I think the solutions are. It was my first public presentation like that and I was a bit nervous but it seemed to go very well and lots of people said afterwards that I'd done pretty well.
I found Otter spraint though :-)
Well after talking to the people after all the presentations Dad and I went off to our river transect and did our first survey. We've got an old Victorian lake that makes up most of ours. It's a really nice place, it's a bit like a totally forgotten place that's been left to get overgrown. Makes it a bit tricky to survey but it's very, very tranquil and full of wildlife. Not so much of the wildlife that I was looking for, though we found Otter Spraint, but lots of lovely creatures to see all the same. I'm looking forward to going back.

I'm also looking forward to  learning how to do surveys for reptiles and getting involved in that. I hope I can learn the signs to look out for Adders and Grass snakes in particular!
A wonderful place to survey!

Overall I think this project is really amazing and I hope you will all join me in supporting it!

You can follow them on: @TheWildWatch

Or see their website: The Wild Watch

And if you live in Yorkshire, get involved!

Hope you enjoyed,

Z,

Tuesday, 4 July 2017

Post 467 - Dazzlingly beautiful Duke of Burgundy Butterflies

I'd been looking out for Crosswort so it was amazing to
see the first Duke of Burgundy resting on a patch of it!
Hey everyone, today's post is post 467 and time to catch up on a special species I saw a little while ago now. I'd been out with Mum, Dad and Esme for a trip to Rievalux terrace and temples, a lovely spot that looks out over the ruins of Rievaulx Abbey. It's a lovely walk through some woods and then out on to the big terrace with views over the abbey and moors. There's a big bank as well that's full of wild flowers and often great to look for bugs. We'd got there quite early so there was still a good bit of the day left so we decided to head further into the North York Moors to a place where I had a tip-off that there was a special butterfly around.

We went for a walk around there, for a while, with no luck, but then we realised that we were looking in the wrong place! A helpful volunteer from the park luckily happened to be parked next to us and told us exactly where to try looking. So, now feeling a bit more hopeful, we set off up a little hill to the spot we were told about. It was late in the season and late in the day so the helpful volunteer said we'd be lucky to spot the butterfly. Well, thankfully we were lucky and we managed to find the beautiful Duke of Burgundy Butterfly! It was a lovely butterfly to see and well worth the trip.

But why is it so special? Well here are a few facts:
    Resting on a fern after having chased off another male
  • It's quite a small butterfly with a wingspan of about 3cm. 
  • It is one of the rarest butterflies in the UK and also one of the most rapidly declining UK species suffering substantial declines over the last 3 decades.
  • Since the 1970's this butterfly`s population has decreased by 52%. It is a high conservation priority species.
  • There are still a few places to see them. Where I saw them (in certain areas in the moors), is the most northerly place you'll see them. You can see them in a few spots in the south of the lake district but the main places to see them in Bedfordshire, Kent, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire.
  • They typically live in woodland areas, and because of woodlands being cut back, there are now only 20 sites where they live.
    This slightly ragged one was chased off
  • As a sun loving butterfly it likes warm sheltered places especially clearings in ancient woodlands but it also likes limestone or chalk scrubby grassland.
  • They used to be called the 'Mr Vernon's Small Fritillary', and this is quite apt as they do look quite like a fritillary.
  • They are small with mainly brown wings with many orange spots on the edges of their wings.
  • The adults will only live for about five days!
  • Males will sit in sunny spots guarding a territory chasing off other males - they fly really fast for something so small and light. Females tend to hide away looking for places to lay eggs.
  • She'll be looking for primroses and cowslips which are the main foodplants of the caterpillars.
And then went off to these flowers.
  • I read that they're not frequent visitors to flowers so I was maybe lucky to get this last shot.
They really are a lovely butterfly, and I'm glad I found some! I'll have to go back again earlier in the season next year to see if I can see a few more. I've read that there is a lot of work going on by the North York Moors National Park to try to reintroduce these lovely little butterflies to sites where they used to live. So I hope they may be a bit easier to see in the future!

Just a little last note to say sorry I've not been able to blog very often, I've been busy with school work and a few projects, one of which I'll be writing about soon.

Hope you enjoyed,

Z.

Saturday, 10 June 2017

Post 466 - Looking Out for Lovely Little Owls

Stop! Turn round, I think I've just seen an owl!
Hey everyone today is post 466 and I've got a treat today. One of the things I often say in our house is I've never seen enough owls. The whole family loves them, can't get enough of them and everywhere we go we live in hope of spotting one. Well we'd had a lovely walk at the forest one evening after work and school and on our way home my mum yelled “Stop! It's an owl!” and Dad turned the car round to where she was pointing and sure enough on a telephone pole perched on one of the metal struts was the most gorgeous Little Owl I've ever seen! Well to be fair I think it`s only the second Little Owl I've ever seen in the wild! So it was a pretty special occasion. We carefully pulled up as near to it as we could on the little lane we were on and I was able to take a whole load of photos of him (or her) – it was looking right at me but didn't seem to mind the attention!

Anyway here are some facts about Owls and in particular Little Owls:

  • There are about 5,700 breeding pairs of Little Owls in the UK but are said to be in decline. They are seen mostly in England and Wales and parts of Scotland too.
Hurray - it was an owl! A Little Owl eyeing up
what was in the hedges.
  • They can usually be seen out and about during the daytime.  They can be spotted (if you're lucky!) on poles, fence posts, rocks or branches – anywhere where they have a good view of their hunting ground.
  • They have an undulating flight and so can sometimes be mistaken for a Mistlethrush or Green Woodpecker as they are a similar size and colour and found in the same sorts of environment (woods and farmland etc).
  • If you've ever heard a Little Owl at night you`ll know what an amazingly beautiful, haunting sound it is and their voice can carry for several miles on a still quiet night – so they might not actually be as close as you hoped they were!
  • It most commonly hunts at dusk and dawn but is also diurnal, which means it hunts in the daytime too. It`s eyes are an orangey-yellow. It is useful to know about the different coloured eyes and when they tend to hunt, yellow being during the day, orange being dusk and dawn and those with very dark eyes being night-time hunters.
  • Owls are amazing predators, which means they hunt and kill living creatures.  Little Owls mainly eat moths, beetles, earwigs and worms but also when they can small mammals and birds.  They have hooked beaks and sharp claws which make catching, hanging on to and killing their prey easy.  They also have the ability to fly completely silently.
What's that looking at me?
  • Their heart shaped faces not only look beautiful and very appealing – they also have a purpose! They act as a speaker, sounds are directed across their flat faces by short stiff feathers towards their ears, which interestingly are slightly differently positioned so one is higher than the other, which again helps to direct sounds from all around them.  You might be able to see an owl bobbing its head up and down and turning it, and this is why, it`s taking it all in.  Their amazing hearing means they can locate a meal just using this sense alone.  Even in the dark it can then swoop in silently and pick up their prey.
  • Owls don`t actually have a sense of smell, though their hearing and eyesight more than makes up for this!
  • Their amazing ability to hunt is also due to their plumage.  They have incredibly soft feathers that have comb-like fringes on them which deadens the noise the flapping makes.  This does two things, it prevents the prey from being able to hear it approaching and so be able to take cover, but it also enables the owl itself to be able to hear – if its feathers were flapping around its ears it wouldn`t be able to hear tiny movements on ground level!
A slightly gruesome jigsaw!
Field Vole remains from an Owl pellet.
  • Their feathers are also quite well camouflaged so that they blend into their surroundings.
  • Owls tend to swallow their prey whole and then some hours later will regurgitate a pellet which contains all the things it couldn't digest or has no nutritional benefit to it, such as fur, bones or feathers.  We have often found owl pellets and have dissected them, it`s fascinating to try to put back together a tiny skeleton, we have managed it once or twice and have a picture of a little vole…….
  • Pellets are usually found close to where their roost is so finding one gives a clue as to where an owl might be living.
  • Male owls have a territory and tend to live `solitary` lives.  They only let a female into their territory for mating purposes which they do in the spring.
  • Owls don`t build their own nests like many other species of birds do.  They use holes in trees, old nests, holes in barns etc or specially constructed owl houses built by humans who want to attract them!
A Tawny fledgling at Staveley.
  • The female owl tends to lay her clutch of eggs over 2-4 day intervals.  She will incubate the eggs for around 29-35 days. Because there is a delay in between the laying of each egg and so also in the hatching of each chick, there is a huge difference in size between the chicks, with the first being massively more developed and bigger than the last one to hatch. Sometimes when food sources are low, if the weather has been particular wet for some nights running as it has been here recently, the majority of the food will go to the biggest chick, who has the best chance of survival, and unfortunately the smaller ones will be left to starve, it really is survival of the fittest in these situations. But if all is well, and food is a plenty, the chicks will be fed by mum and dad who will tear up small bits of a small mammal and feed the chicks.
  • They will fledge around 7-12 weeks and by this time they will be about the same size as their parent.  Here is a fantastic photo of some fledgling Tawny Owls we saw at Staveley Nature Reserve recently!  Huge balls of fluff! 
Well, as it happens I might have a chance to go to a spot later today where I've seen Barn Owls before so I'll be on the look out again.

Hope you enjoyed.

Z.

Thursday, 25 May 2017

Post 465 - Magical Mesmerising May Lillies

Hey everyone, post 465 and something a bit special today. Last month I went out for a walk looking for something special, something completely different to what I found but something I've been wanting to see again for a long time. Adders! I saw one quite close up when I was very little, almost too close up, as it was reared up on a path in front of me when I was walking in our local forest. I saw another in Scotland but that was a few years ago too. So our family went looking for them at a Yorkshire Wildlife Trust reserve that's meant to be very good for them but we must have been too late in the day as we didn't see any.

Still we saw some Common Lizards, the first this year, and had a nice walk around the reserve. As I passed a bit of it I noticed a tiny fenced enclosure and wondered why it was like that. There was a plant inside that I didn't recognise so I took a photo and thought I'll look it up when I get home.

I happened to be tweeting for #wildflowerhour a few photos of things I'd found. I'm not much of a botanist so it's just plants I find that look beautiful or unusual. I'm starting to learn a bit more by doing this so then I tweeted about my mystery plant to see if people could help me out.
So I had some botanists on the case (thanks @botanicalmartin, @RubusCaesius3 , @dave_renwick, @BSBIbotany ) and after a while people decided what I had found was in fact a May Lily!

The patch of May Lillies I found
Well, thanks to these botanical friends I knew what it was and I also knew it was very rare. Most of these people haven't seen this plant as it's so rare here in the UK!

Well as this photo was of the plant in bud they hoped I'd get back to take a few photos of it in flower. It's a bit far from me but knowing it was a bit special, well I had too really. So last weekend we managed to get back and thankfully the lily was flowering! I managed a few shots but with the flower being in an enclosure and it being a bit windy they aren't the best shots I've ever got but I hope you like them.

I had to do a bit of research so here's a bit of info on them too:
A shot at flower level

  • The May Lily is also known as False Lily of the Valley. I think that's a bit unfair as I have Lily of the Valley in the garden and I think I prefer the May Lily.
  • I prefer it as it's a small delicate plant. In the patch I found it is quite small but it can be between 2-8" tall
  • It's only found in four locations here in the UK but is more common in mainland Europe.
I love the unusual way they grow.
  • The May Lily is an indicator of ancient woodland and it likes shady places with acidic soils.
  • A big threat to it is the loss of these habitats. it was a lot more common in the 17th Century.
  • Its latin name is Maianthemum bifolum and generally only has two leaves (bifolum), but might have four sometimes.

  • The first bit of its latin name, Maianthemum, refers to its flowering period but it does flower into June as well.
    A flower close up.

    • It is a perennial herb that spreads through its roots.
    • It has lovely white flowers that are mainly pollinated by flies.
    • Once pollinated it can produce sweet red berries which are poisonous in large quantities to us but not to birds, though they don't seem to be too keen on them.
    Well, what a nice find! It more than made up for not finding the Adders I had been looking for but I guess I'll have to keep trying for them, and maybe get up a bit earlier too :-p

    Hope you enjoyed,

    Z.

    Sunday, 21 May 2017

    Post 464 - Brilliant beginnings of baby birds

    A Starling fledgling on our bird table
    Spring is a fantastic time of year – full of new life! Something that I've been watching closely this year are the fledglings – we get literally dozens of baby Starlings and Sparrows all fighting for attention and some space on our bird table waiting for Mum or Dad to feed them. We have so many because they have taken up residence in the eves and roof of our house! They have a steady supply of treats on the nearby bird table. Quite often when they are being fed we can hear the nestlings chirping away. Dad built a colony box at the side of the house to see if they'd rather live in there or to provide extra room, but no, they're quite happy where they are! It's lovely to watch them flitting about but we do have a bit of a problem with droppings…. hmm, a small price to pay for being so close to nature I guess! 

    We also have Blue Tits nesting in a box on our Apple tree, and some Dunnocks nearby too. But the inspiration for today`s post is thanks to a nest of Blackbird eggs that my Dad came across. He was tying back some clematis on an arch when he flushed a Blackbird which was sat on a nest. There are four beautiful blue eggs in it, and Dad very carefully took this photo of them. He then left it well alone and the parents came straight back to it to keep the eggs warm. The clematis will have to grow a bit wilder this year as we don't want to disturb the birds.
    The Blackbird nest that inspired this blog!

    Dad showed the picture to Mum, who then started raising some very interesting questions, many people may already know the answer to these questions but it made me think if Mum wasn't sure about all the details, maybe other people wouldn't be so sure either, therefore the focus for this post is… “What goes on inside the female bird during the egg making process!?”

    Well with the help of the internet I discovered the following:
    • For birds, their courting process and behaviour takes quite a while and includes many stages.  From claiming territory there follows an elaborate courtship including dancing, calls, spectacular flights (love watching Lapwings do this) and plumage, it is all so that the male can demonstrate to the female how healthy and strong he is, which means that his chicks will be healthy and have the best chance of survival.
    • Some birds mate for life like the Gannet, often travelling unbelievably long journeys to meet up again, while others find a new mate each year, like the Blackbird
    • Birds don't have the usual type of reproduction organs that we are most familiar with.  Instead they both have Cloaca which are little openings.  Through this they do everything, including urination, defecation and mating.
    • During the breeding season, the Cloaca of both male and female birds swells and protrudes slightly, and the male`s Cloaca holds their sperm until such a time as they are able to mate, when it is then deposited into the female and travels to meet the female's egg which is stored in her ovaries.
    A Blackbird fledgling on the bird table
    - this one is feeding itself now
    • If you see a pair of birds mating, keep your distance because if you distract them and interrupt proceedings, it can harm their bond with each other.  It is a very brief interaction where the male balances on the female, and then it is over.
    • Out of all the 9000 species of birds, all of them lay eggs rather than producing a live off-spring.  This is believed to be due to the fact that as birds have such fantastic mobility and agility, they need to maintain their ultra-light anatomy so carrying around a clutch of chicks inside them in the same way a dog carries a litter of puppies inside her, just wouldn't be possible.
    • Female birds carry one single egg at a time and due to its weight impacting on her ability to fly, as soon as it is viable (ready to be laid) it is. A Blackbird for example generally lays 3 or 4 eggs per clutch, laying one egg per day. Each egg has a protective shell around it which has already hardened to keep the precious chick safe.  While we think that eggs are extremely fragile they are actually designed to withstand a huge amount of force, to be able to withstand the parent sitting on it whilst incubating it for example. Eggs are oval and so the same engineering principals of an arched-bridge apply, the convex surface can withstand much more pressure than other shapes.  The shells need to be robust because many, many predators would just love to get their beaks, paws or claws onto the protein-rich contents of the egg.
    Two starling fledglings waiting to be fed - they're not
    feeding themselves yet - there's fat balls in the
    window box they are perched on!
    • One of the vital components of raising healthy chicks to fledgling status is the location and stability of the nest.  This is the task of the male bird and again is to demonstrate to the female his suitability.  A European House Wren is said to build up to 12 nests in varying locations until a female grants her approval and chooses him as her mate. The nest must be well constructed and inconspicuous. Birds have varying techniques for building the perfect nest and some will line them with moss, lichen, leaves and feathers for warmth and comfort, others will produce a sticky substance to help the eggs to stay in place. Some breeds of bird will stay with the eggs throughout the entire incubation period, a Hornbill for example will seal herself into the nest with only a small hole enabling her mate to feed her through.
    • Incubation can take between 13-14 days and then comes a frantic period of feeding the brood, often an ordeal in itself with much success depending on the weather, accessibility to the right insects, etc. If enough food is brought to the chicks, fledging then takes place, usually  about a fortnight later, though this can vary with species, for example the longest incubation period for any bird is 64-67 days with the Emperor Penguin!
    Well we'll be keeping a quiet eye on the nest to see how things go for our new Blackbird pair, and also look forward to seeing more fledglings. One of the things that makes us smile most on the bird table is watching the little Sparrow and Blue Tit chicks sat fluffed up shaking their wings begging for food. They can be sat right next to the food that their parents pick up and feed them but it seems to take a good while for them to realise and to start helping themselves!

    Hope you enjoyed,

    Z.